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Most of us are familiar with the unpleasant “pressure in the ear” when flying. However, sometimes it can lead to pain and sometimes even to what is known as barotrauma. An ENT doctor explains the cause and gives helpful tips.
Air travel, as well as activities like diving or riding a cable car, can cause ear pressure. This is because while the air pressure in the external environment changes, the pressure in the middle ear remains relatively constant. These pressure differences are usually compensated for by the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
During normal flight operations, especially during takeoff and landing, the pressure differences are usually moderate and the body has enough time to adjust, as Dr. Stefan Edlinger, a specialist in ear, nose, and throat medicine in Vienna, explains. “However, people with a blocked Eustachian tube – for example, due to colds, allergies, or anatomical peculiarities – may experience pain or barotrauma,” says the ENT doctor.
This is because if the pressure equalization occurs too quickly or insufficiently, the eardrum and structures of the middle and inner ear are subjected to severe stress. In the worst case, this can even lead to tears in the eardrum or damage to the ossicles. According to the doctor, damage to the inner ear is rare but particularly dangerous, as it can sometimes lead to permanent hearing loss or balance disorders.
How can such injuries be prevented? Dr. Edlinger: “If you have a cold or suffer from allergies, you should avoid flying if possible, because the Eustachian tube may be blocked. In mild cases, decongestant nasal sprays, chewing gum, yawning, or swallowing can help equalise the pressure in the ears. Drinking during takeoff and landing can also be helpful.”
Techniques such as the “Valsalva maneuver” also help, according to the ENT doctor. This involves holding your nose and exhaling gently through your nose, keeping it closed. Or you can use special earplugs that release the pressure more slowly to your ears.
However, there is no need to panic about flying. As Dr. Edlinger emphasises, it is rare for a sudden drop in pressure in an aeroplane to result in serious complications. “But it is possible, especially in the case of abrupt pressure differences or pre-existing ear conditions.”
Barotrauma can also occur when diving. “The rule here is: do not use nose drops before diving. It may be possible to descend with nose drops, but they will not work when you resurface,” says Dr. Edlinger.
If you have suffered acute barotrauma, it is vital to remain calm and have the extent of the damage assessed by an ENT doctor, emphasizes Dr. Edlinger. “A hearing test is also recommended to rule out damage to your hearing.”
- source: krone.at/picture
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